Networked Device Group Information in a System with Multiple Media Playback Protocols

ABSTRACT

A first networked device may perform operations including receiving, from a media source device, a first media stream and a first media stream identifier. The first networked device may receive the first media stream via a wireless network connection. Operations may further include receiving, from a second networked device, a second media stream identifier that corresponds to a second media stream the second networked device is receiving from the media source device. Operations may further include determining a common stream characteristic between the first media stream and the second media stream and, in response to determining the common stream characteristic, grouping the second networked device with the first networked device. Operations may further include transmitting, to a controller device, an indication that the first networked device and second networked device are grouped.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/518,726, filed Jul. 22, 2019, entitled “Networked Device GroupInformation in a System with Multiple Media Playback Protocols.” U.S.application Ser. No. 16/518,726 claims priority to U.S. application Ser.No. 15/714,882, filed Sep. 25, 2017, entitled “Networked Device GroupInformation in a System with Multiple Media Playback Protocols.” U.S.application Ser. No. 15/714,882 claims priority to U.S. Provisional App.62/554,566, filed Sep. 5, 2017, entitled “Adding a Playback Device to aPlayback Session. The entire contents of the Ser. Nos. 16/518,726,15/714,882, and 62/554,566 applications are incorporated herein byreference for all purposes. [2] U.S. application Ser. No. 15/714,882 isrelated to the following applications filed on the same day as U.S.application Ser. No. 15/714,882, the contents of each of which areincorporated by reference herein: Attorney Docket No. 17-0901 (MBHB17-1349), entitled “Grouping in a System with Multiple Media PlaybackProtocols,” U.S. application Ser. No. 15/714,950, filed Sep. 25, 2017;and Attorney Docket No. 17-0903 (MBHB 17-1340), entitled “Grouped Zonesin a System with Multiple Media Playback Protocols,” U.S. applicationSer. No. 15/714,927, filed Sep. 25, 2017.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, tomethods, systems, products, features, services, and other elementsdirected to media playback and aspects thereof.

BACKGROUND

Options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loudsetting were limited until in 2003, when Sonos, Inc. filed for one ofits first patent applications, entitled “Method for Synchronizing AudioPlayback between Multiple Networked Devices,” and began offering a mediaplayback system for sale in 2005. The Sonos Wireless HiFi System enablespeople to experience music from many sources via one or more networkedplayback devices. Through a software control application installed on asmartphone, tablet, or computer, one can play what he or she wants inany room that has a networked playback device. Additionally, using thecontroller, for example, different songs can be streamed to each roomwith a playback device, rooms can be grouped together for synchronousplayback, or the same song can be heard in all rooms synchronously.

Given the ever-growing interest in digital media, there continues to bea need to develop consumer-accessible technologies to further enhancethe listening experience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technologymay be better understood with regard to the following description,appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 shows an example media playback system configuration in whichcertain examples may be practiced;

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device;

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device;

FIG. 4 shows an example controller interface;

FIG. 5 shows an example plurality of network devices;

FIG. 6 shows a function block diagram of an example network microphonedevice;

FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of an example media playback system; and

FIG. 8 shows an example method according to some examples.

The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating examples, but it isunderstood that the inventions are not limited to the arrangements andinstrumentalities shown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Overview

Media playback systems may contain networked devices that arecontrollable by devices using different media playback protocols. Amedia playback protocol may refer to a set of guidelines a mediaplayback system uses for implementing networking communications betweennetworked devices (e.g., Apple® Airplay). In some cases, media playbacksystems implement more than one media playback protocol to provide auser with a seamless entertainment experience. For instance, a user maybe able to stream media content to the media playback system through avariety of media source devices and control devices. These media sourcedevices and control devices may be a dedicated controller for the mediaplayback system or may be a network device on which media playbacksystem controller application software may be installed, such as forexample, an iPhone®, iPad® or any other smart phone, tablet or networkdevice (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or Mac®).

One challenge with allowing a media playback system to be compatiblewith multiple media playback protocols is an inability to consistentlycontrol and reflect changes to the media playback system across themultiple protocols. For instance, if a user streams media content tomultiple networked devices in an interface controlled by one mediaplayback protocol, and then issues playback commands in an interfacecontrolled by another media playback protocol, the playback commandsmight not result in the desired outcome (e.g., the other media playbackprotocol might not know to issue the playback commands to more than onenetworked device).

Users may also group networked devices for synchronous playback of mediacontent in an interface using a first media playback protocol and thentry to control the groups using an interface controlled by a secondmedia playback protocol. In these situations, it may be desirable forone of the networked devices to (i) determine it is in a group withother networked devices, and (ii) identify itself as grouped in thesecond media playback protocol. This may allow the user to access aninterface controlled by the second media playback protocol and controlthe networked devices even though the networked devices were groupedunder the first media playback protocol.

The disclosed examples describe functions performed by networkeddevices, voice enabled devices (VEDs), networked microphone devices(NMDs), audio playback devices (APDs), and video playback devices(VPDs). As used herein, the term networked device is a class of devicesthat includes, but is not limited to VEDs, NMDs, APDs, and VPDs.

The examples described herein provide a user seamless control over amedia playback system via interfaces that are controlled by differentmedia playback protocols. A first example may include a first networkeddevice receiving, from a media source device, a first media stream and afirst media stream identifier. The first media stream identifier may beembedded in the first media stream or may be part of separateinformation transmitted over a local area network (LAN).

The first example may further include the first networked devicereceiving, from a second networked device, a second media streamidentifier, wherein the second media stream identifier corresponds to asecond media stream received by the second networked device from themedia source device.

The first example may further include the first networked devicedetermining a common stream characteristic between the first mediastream and the second media stream. The first networked, by determiningthe common stream characteristic, may be able to identify that the firstnetworked device and the second networked device were grouped in thefirst media playback protocol.

The first example may further include the first networked device, inresponse to determining the common stream characteristic between thefirst media stream and the second media stream, grouping the secondnetworked device with the first networked device.

The first example may further include the first networked devicetransmitting, to a controller device, an indication that the firstnetworked device and second networked device are grouped.

While some examples described herein may refer to functions performed bygiven actors such as “users” and/or other entities, it should beunderstood that this is for purposes of explanation only. The claimsshould not be interpreted to require action by any such example actorunless explicitly required by the language of the claims themselves. Itwill be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that thisdisclosure includes numerous other examples.

II. Example Operating Environment

FIG. 1 shows an example configuration of a media playback system 100 inwhich one or more examples disclosed herein may be practiced orimplemented. The media playback system 100 as shown is associated withan example home environment having several rooms and spaces, such as forexample, a master bedroom, an office, a dining room, and a living room.As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the media playback system 100includes playback devices 102-124, control devices 126 and 128, and awired or wireless network router 130. In operation, any of the playbackdevices (PBDs) 102-124 may be voice-enabled devices (VEDs) as describedearlier.

Further discussions relating to the different components of the examplemedia playback system 100 and how the different components may interactto provide a user with a media experience may be found in the followingsections. While discussions herein may generally refer to the examplemedia playback system 100, technologies described herein are not limitedto applications within, among other things, the home environment asshown in FIG. 1. For instance, the technologies described herein may beuseful in environments where multi-zone audio may be desired, such as,for example, a commercial setting like a restaurant, mall or airport, avehicle like a sports utility vehicle (SUV), bus or car, a ship or boat,an airplane, and so on.

a. Example Playback Devices

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device200 that may be configured to be one or more of the playback devices102-124 of the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. As described above,a playback device (PBD) 200 may include voice-enabled devices (VEDs).

The playback device 200 includes one or more processors 202, softwarecomponents 204, memory 206, audio processing components 208, audioamplifier(s) 210, speaker(s) 212, a network interface 214 includingwireless interface(s) 216 and wired interface(s) 218, and microphone(s)220. In one case, the playback device 200 might not include thespeaker(s) 212, but rather a speaker interface for connecting theplayback device 200 to external speakers. In another case, the playbackdevice 200 may include neither the speaker(s) 212 nor the audioamplifier(s) 210, but rather an audio interface for connecting theplayback device 200 to an external audio amplifier or audio-visualreceiver.

In some examples, the one or more processors 202 include one or moreclock-driven computing components configured to process input dataaccording to instructions stored in the memory 206. The memory 206 maybe a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium configured tostore instructions executable by the one or more processors 202. Forinstance, the memory 206 may be data storage that can be loaded with oneor more of the software components 204 executable by the one or moreprocessors 202 to achieve certain functions. In one example, thefunctions may involve the playback device 200 retrieving audio data froman audio source or another playback device. In another example, thefunctions may involve the playback device 200 sending audio data toanother device or playback device on a network. In yet another example,the functions may involve pairing of the playback device 200 with one ormore playback devices to create a multi-channel audio environment.

Certain functions may involve the playback device 200 synchronizingplayback of audio content with one or more other playback devices.During synchronous playback, a listener will preferably not be able toperceive time-delay differences between playback of the audio content bythe playback device 200 and the one or more other playback devices. U.S.Pat. No. 8,234,395 entitled, “System and method for synchronizingoperations among a plurality of independently clocked digital dataprocessing devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference, providesin more detail some examples for audio playback synchronization amongplayback devices.

The memory 206 may further be configured to store data associated withthe playback device 200, such as one or more zones and/or zone groupsthe playback device 200 is a part of, audio sources accessible by theplayback device 200, or a playback queue that the playback device 200(or some other playback device) may be associated with. The data may bestored as one or more state variables that are periodically updated andused to describe the state of the playback device 200. The memory 206may also include the data associated with the state of the other devicesof the media system, and shared from time to time among the devices sothat one or more of the devices have the most recent data associatedwith the system. Other examples are also possible.

The audio processing components 208 may include one or moredigital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, anaudio enhancement component or a digital signal processor (DSP), and soon. In one example, one or more of the audio processing components 208may be a subcomponent of the one or more processors 202. In one example,audio content may be processed and/or intentionally altered by the audioprocessing components 208 to produce audio signals. The produced audiosignals may then be provided to the audio amplifier(s) 210 foramplification and playback through speaker(s) 212. Particularly, theaudio amplifier(s) 210 may include devices configured to amplify audiosignals to a level for driving one or more of the speakers 212. Thespeaker(s) 212 may include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”)or a complete speaker system involving an enclosure with one or moredrivers. A particular driver of the speaker(s) 212 may include, forexample, a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver(e.g., for middle frequencies), and/or a tweeter (e.g., for highfrequencies). In some cases, each transducer in the one or more speakers212 may be driven by an individual corresponding audio amplifier of theaudio amplifier(s) 210. In addition to producing analog signals forplayback by the playback device 200, the audio processing components 208may be configured to process audio content to be sent to one or moreother playback devices for playback.

Audio content to be processed and/or played back by the playback device200 may be received from an external source, such as via an audioline-in input connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-inconnection) or the network interface 214.

The network interface 214 may be configured to facilitate a data flowbetween the playback device 200 and one or more other devices on a datanetwork. As such, the playback device 200 may be configured to receiveaudio content over the data network from one or more other playbackdevices in communication with the playback device 200, network deviceswithin a local area network, or audio content sources over a wide areanetwork such as the Internet. The playback device 200 may transmitmetadata to and/or receive metadata from other devices on the network,including but not limited to components of the networked microphonesystem disclosed and described herein. In one example, the audio contentand other signals (e.g., metadata and other signals) transmitted andreceived by the playback device 200 may be transmitted in the form ofdigital packet data containing an Internet Protocol (IP)-based sourceaddress and IP-based destination addresses. In such a case, the networkinterface 214 may be configured to parse the digital packet data suchthat the data destined for the playback device 200 is properly receivedand processed by the playback device 200.

As shown, the network interface 214 may include wireless interface(s)216 and wired interface(s) 218. The wireless interface(s) 216 mayprovide network interface functions for the playback device 200 towirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other playbackdevice(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), network device(s), control device(s)within a data network the playback device 200 is associated with) inaccordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standardincluding IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4Gmobile communication standard, and so on). The wired interface(s) 218may provide network interface functions for the playback device 200 tocommunicate over a wired connection with other devices in accordancewith a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). While the networkinterface 214 shown in FIG. 2 includes both wireless interface(s) 216and wired interface(s) 218, the network interface 214 may in someexamples include only wireless interface(s) or only wired interface(s).

The microphone(s) 220 may be arranged to detect sound in the environmentof the playback device 200. For instance, the microphone(s) may bemounted on an exterior wall of a housing of the playback device. Themicrophone(s) may be any type of microphone now known or later developedsuch as a condenser microphone, electret condenser microphone, or adynamic microphone. The microphone(s) may be sensitive to a portion ofthe frequency range of the speaker(s) 220. One or more of the speaker(s)220 may operate in reverse as the microphone(s) 220. In some aspects,the playback device 200 might not have microphone(s) 220.

In one example, the playback device 200 and one other playback devicemay be paired to play two separate audio components of audio content.For instance, playback device 200 may be configured to play a leftchannel audio component, while the other playback device may beconfigured to play a right channel audio component, thereby producing orenhancing a stereo effect of the audio content. The paired playbackdevices (also referred to as “bonded playback devices”, “bonded group”,or “stereo pair”) may further play audio content in synchrony with otherplayback devices.

In another example, the playback device 200 may be sonicallyconsolidated with one or more other playback devices to form a single,consolidated playback device. A consolidated playback device may beconfigured to process and reproduce sound differently than anunconsolidated playback device or playback devices that are paired,because a consolidated playback device may have additional speakerdrivers through which audio content may be rendered. For instance, ifthe playback device 200 is a playback device designed to render lowfrequency range audio content (i.e. a subwoofer), the playback device200 may be consolidated with a playback device designed to render fullfrequency range audio content. In such a case, the full frequency rangeplayback device, when consolidated with the low frequency playbackdevice 200, may be configured to render only the mid and high frequencycomponents of audio content, while the low frequency range playbackdevice 200 renders the low frequency component of the audio content. Theconsolidated playback device may further be paired with a singleplayback device or yet another consolidated playback device.

By way of illustration, Sonos, Inc. presently offers (or has offered)for sale certain playback devices including a “PLAY:1,” “PLAY:3,”“PLAY:5,” “PLAYBAR,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any otherpast, present, and/or future playback devices may additionally oralternatively be used to implement the playback devices of exampleexamples disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that aplayback device is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. 2 orto the Sonos product offerings. For example, a playback device mayinclude a wired or wireless headphone. In another example, a playbackdevice may include or interact with a docking station for personalmobile media playback devices. In yet another example, a playback devicemay be integral to another device or component such as a television, alighting fixture, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use.

b. Example Playback Zone Configurations

Referring back to the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, theenvironment may have one or more playback zones, each with one or moreplayback devices. The media playback system 100 may be established withone or more playback zones, after which one or more zones may be added,or removed to arrive at the example configuration shown in FIG. 1. Eachzone may be given a name according to a different room or space such asan office, bathroom, master bedroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room,living room, and/or balcony. In one case, a single playback zone mayinclude multiple rooms or spaces. In another case, a single room orspace may include multiple playback zones.

As shown in FIG. 1, the balcony, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, office,and bedroom zones each have one playback device, while the living roomand master bedroom zones each have multiple playback devices. In theliving room zone, playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 may beconfigured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playbackdevices, as one or more bonded playback devices, as one or moreconsolidated playback devices, or any combination thereof. Similarly, inthe case of the master bedroom, playback devices 122 and 124 may beconfigured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playbackdevices, as a bonded playback device, or as a consolidated playbackdevice.

In one example, one or more playback zones in the environment of FIG. 1may each be playing different audio content. For instance, the user maybe grilling in the balcony zone and listening to hip hop music beingplayed by the playback device 102 while another user may be preparingfood in the kitchen zone and listening to classical music being playedby the playback device 114. In another example, a playback zone may playthe same audio content in synchrony with another playback zone. Forinstance, the user may be in the office zone where the playback device118 is playing the same rock music that is being playing by playbackdevice 102 in the balcony zone. In such a case, playback devices 102 and118 may be playing the rock music in synchrony such that the user mayseamlessly (or at least substantially seamlessly) enjoy the audiocontent that is being played out-loud while moving between differentplayback zones. Synchronization among playback zones may be achieved ina manner similar to that of synchronization among playback devices, asdescribed in previously referenced U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395.

As suggested above, the zone configurations of the media playback system100 may be dynamically modified, and in some examples, the mediaplayback system 100 supports numerous configurations. For instance, if auser physically moves one or more playback devices to or from a zone,the media playback system 100 may be reconfigured to accommodate thechange(s). For instance, if the user physically moves the playbackdevice 102 from the balcony zone to the office zone, the office zone maynow include both the playback device 118 and the playback device 102.The playback device 102 may be paired or grouped with the office zoneand/or renamed if so desired via a control device such as the controldevices 126 and 128. On the other hand, if the one or more playbackdevices are moved to a particular area in the home environment that isnot already a playback zone, a new playback zone may be created for theparticular area.

Further, different playback zones of the media playback system 100 maybe dynamically combined into zone groups or split up into individualplayback zones. For instance, the dining room zone and the kitchen zonemay be combined into a zone group for a dinner party such that playbackdevices 112 and 114 may render (e.g., play back) audio content insynchrony. On the other hand, the living room zone may be split into atelevision zone including playback device 104, and a listening zoneincluding playback devices 106, 108, and 110, if the user wishes tolisten to music in the living room space while another user wishes towatch television.

c. Example Control Devices

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device 300that may be configured to be one or both of the control devices 126 and128 of the media playback system 100. As shown, the control device 300may include one or more processors 302, memory 304, a network interface306, a user interface 308, microphone(s) 310, and software components312. In one example, the control device 300 may be a dedicatedcontroller for the media playback system 100. In another example, thecontrol device 300 may be a network device on which media playbacksystem controller application software may be installed, such as forexample, an iPhone®, iPad®, or any other smart phone, tablet or networkdevice (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or Mac®).

The one or more processors 302 may be configured to perform functionsrelevant to facilitating user access, control, and configuration of themedia playback system 100. The memory 304 may be data storage that canbe loaded with one or more of the software components executable by theone or more processors 302 to perform those functions. The memory 304may also be configured to store the media playback system controllerapplication software and other data associated with the media playbacksystem 100 and the user.

In one example, the network interface 306 may be based on an industrystandard (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standards including IEEE 802.3,wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n,802.11ac, 802.15, 3G, 4G, or 5G mobile communication standards, and soon). The network interface 306 may provide a means for the controldevice 300 to communicate with other devices in the media playbacksystem 100. In one example, data and information (e.g., such as a statevariable) may be communicated between control device 300 and otherdevices via the network interface 306. For instance, playback zone andzone group configurations in the media playback system 100 may bereceived by the control device 300 from a playback device or anothernetwork device, or transmitted by the control device 300 to anotherplayback device or network device via the network interface 306. In somecases, the other network device may be another control device.

Playback device control commands such as volume control and audioplayback control may also be communicated from the control device 300 toa playback device via the network interface 306. As suggested above,changes to configurations of the media playback system 100 may also beperformed by a user using the control device 300. The configurationchanges may include adding/removing one or more playback devices to/froma zone, adding/removing one or more zones to/from a zone group, forminga bonded or consolidated player, separating one or more playback devicesfrom a bonded or consolidated player, among others. Accordingly, thecontrol device 300 may sometimes be referred to as a controller, whetherthe control device 300 is a dedicated controller or a network device onwhich media playback system controller application software isinstalled.

Control device 300 may include microphone(s) 310. Microphone(s) 310 maybe arranged to detect sound in the environment of the control device300. Microphone(s) 310 may be any type of microphone now known or laterdeveloped such as a condenser microphone, electret condenser microphone,or a dynamic microphone. The microphone(s) may be sensitive to a portionof a frequency range. Two or more microphones 310 may be arranged tocapture location information of an audio source (e.g., voice, audiblesound) and/or to assist in filtering background noise.

The user interface 308 of the control device 300 may be configured tofacilitate user access and control of the media playback system 100, byproviding a controller interface such as the example controllerinterface 400 shown in FIG. 4. The controller interface 400 includes aplayback control region 410, a playback zone region 420, a playbackstatus region 430, a playback queue region 440, and an audio contentsources region 450. The user interface 400 as shown is just one exampleof a user interface that may be provided on a network device such as thecontrol device 300 of FIG. 3 (and/or the control devices 126 and 128 ofFIG. 1) and accessed by users to control a media playback system such asthe media playback system 100. Other user interfaces of varying formats,styles, and interactive sequences may alternatively be implemented onone or more network devices to provide comparable control access to amedia playback system.

The playback control region 410 may include selectable (e.g., by way oftouch or by using a cursor) icons to cause playback devices in aselected playback zone or zone group to play or pause, fast forward,rewind, skip to next, skip to previous, enter/exit shuffle mode,enter/exit repeat mode, enter/exit cross fade mode. The playback controlregion 410 may also include selectable icons to modify equalizationsettings, and playback volume, among other possibilities.

The playback zone region 420 may include representations of playbackzones within the media playback system 100. In some examples, thegraphical representations of playback zones may be selectable to bringup additional selectable icons to manage or configure the playback zonesin the media playback system, such as a creation of bonded zones,creation of zone groups, separation of zone groups, and renaming of zonegroups, among other possibilities.

For example, as shown, a “group” icon may be provided within each of thegraphical representations of playback zones. The “group” icon providedwithin a graphical representation of a particular zone may be selectableto bring up options to select one or more other zones in the mediaplayback system to be grouped with the particular zone. Once grouped,playback devices in the zones that have been grouped with the particularzone will be configured to play audio content in synchrony with theplayback device(s) in the particular zone. Analogously, a “group” iconmay be provided within a graphical representation of a zone group. Inthis case, the “group” icon may be selectable to bring up options todeselect one or more zones in the zone group to be removed from the zonegroup. Other interactions and implementations for grouping andungrouping zones via a user interface such as the user interface 400 arealso possible. The representations of playback zones in the playbackzone region 420 may be dynamically updated as playback zone or zonegroup configurations are modified.

The playback status region 430 may include graphical representations ofaudio content that is presently being played, previously played, orscheduled to play next in the selected playback zone or zone group. Theselected playback zone or zone group may be visually distinguished onthe user interface, such as within the playback zone region 420 and/orthe playback status region 430. The graphical representations mayinclude track title, artist name, album name, album year, track length,and other relevant information that may be useful for the user to knowwhen controlling the media playback system via the user interface 400.

The playback queue region 440 may include graphical representations ofaudio content in a playback queue associated with the selected playbackzone or zone group. In some examples, each playback zone or zone groupmay be associated with a playback queue containing informationcorresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the playbackzone or zone group. For instance, each audio item in the playback queuemay comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI), a uniform resourcelocator (URL) or some other identifier that may be used by a playbackdevice in the playback zone or zone group to find and/or retrieve theaudio item from a local audio content source or a networked audiocontent source, possibly for playback by the playback device.

In one example, a playlist may be added to a playback queue, in whichcase information corresponding to each audio item in the playlist may beadded to the playback queue. In another example, audio items in aplayback queue may be saved as a playlist. In a further example, aplayback queue may be empty, or populated but “not in use” when theplayback zone or zone group is playing continuously streaming audiocontent, such as Internet radio that may continue to play untilotherwise stopped, rather than discrete audio items that have playbackdurations. In an alternative example, a playback queue can includeInternet radio and/or other streaming audio content items and be “inuse” when the playback zone or zone group is playing those items. Otherexamples are also possible.

When playback zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped,”playback queues associated with the affected playback zones or zonegroups may be cleared or re-associated. For example, if a first playbackzone including a first playback queue is grouped with a second playbackzone including a second playback queue, the established zone group mayhave an associated playback queue that is initially empty, that containsaudio items from the first playback queue (such as if the secondplayback zone was added to the first playback zone), that contains audioitems from the second playback queue (such as if the first playback zonewas added to the second playback zone), or a combination of audio itemsfrom both the first and second playback queues. Subsequently, if theestablished zone group is ungrouped, the resulting first playback zonemay be re-associated with the previous first playback queue, or beassociated with a new playback queue that is empty or contains audioitems from the playback queue associated with the established zone groupbefore the established zone group was ungrouped. Similarly, theresulting second playback zone may be re-associated with the previoussecond playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue thatis empty, or contains audio items from the playback queue associatedwith the established zone group before the established zone group wasungrouped. Other examples are also possible.

Referring back to the user interface 400 of FIG. 4, the graphicalrepresentations of audio content in the playback queue region 440 mayinclude track titles, artist names, track lengths, and other relevantinformation associated with the audio content in the playback queue. Inone example, graphical representations of audio content may beselectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage and/ormanipulate the playback queue and/or audio content represented in theplayback queue. For instance, a represented audio content may be removedfrom the playback queue, moved to a different position within theplayback queue, or selected to be played immediately, or after anycurrently playing audio content, among other possibilities. A playbackqueue associated with a playback zone or zone group may be stored in amemory on one or more playback devices in the playback zone or zonegroup, on a playback device that is not in the playback zone or zonegroup, and/or some other designated device.

The audio content sources region 450 may include graphicalrepresentations of selectable audio content sources from which audiocontent may be retrieved and played by the selected playback zone orzone group. Discussions pertaining to audio content sources may be foundin the following section.

d. Example Audio Content Sources

As indicated previously, one or more playback devices in a zone or zonegroup may be configured to retrieve for playback audio content (e.g.according to a corresponding URI or URL for the audio content) from avariety of available audio content sources. In one example, audiocontent may be retrieved by a playback device directly from acorresponding audio content source (e.g., a line-in connection). Inanother example, audio content may be provided to a playback device overa network via one or more other playback devices or network devices.

Example audio content sources may include a memory of one or moreplayback devices in a media playback system such as the media playbacksystem 100 of FIG. 1, local music libraries on one or more networkdevices (such as a control device, a network-enabled personal computer,or a networked-attached storage (NAS), for example), streaming audioservices providing audio content via the Internet (e.g., the cloud), oraudio sources connected to the media playback system via a line-in inputconnection on a playback device or network devise, among otherpossibilities.

In some examples, audio content sources may be regularly added orremoved from a media playback system such as the media playback system100 of FIG. 1. In one example, an indexing of audio items may beperformed whenever one or more audio content sources are added, removedor updated. Indexing of audio items may involve scanning foridentifiable audio items in all folders/directory shared over a networkaccessible by playback devices in the media playback system, andgenerating or updating an audio content database containing metadata(e.g., title, artist, album, track length, among others) and otherassociated information, such as a URI or URL for each identifiable audioitem found. Other examples for managing and maintaining audio contentsources may also be possible.

The above discussions relating to playback devices, controller devices,playback zone configurations, and media content sources provide onlysome examples of operating environments within which functions andmethods described below may be implemented. Other operating environmentsand configurations of media playback systems, playback devices, andnetwork devices not explicitly described herein may also be applicableand suitable for implementation of the functions and methods.

e. Example Plurality of Networked Devices

FIG. 5 shows an example plurality of networked devices 500 that can beconfigured to provide an audio playback experience with voice control.One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the devicesshown in FIG. 5 are for illustrative purposes only, and variationsincluding different and/or additional (or fewer) devices may bepossible. As shown, the plurality of networked devices 500 includescomputing devices 504, 506, and 508; network microphone devices (NMDs)512, 514, and 516; playback devices (PBDs) 532, 534, 536, and 538; and acontroller device (CR) 522. As described previously, any one or more (orall) of the NMDs 512-16, PBDs 532-38, and/or CR 522 may be voice-enableddevices (VEDs).

Each of the plurality of networked devices 500 are network-capabledevices that can establish communication with one or more other devicesin the plurality of devices according to one or more network protocols,such as NFC, Bluetooth™, Ethernet, and IEEE 802.11, among otherexamples, over one or more types of networks, such as wide area networks(WAN), local area networks (LAN), and personal area networks (PAN),among other possibilities.

As shown, the computing devices 504, 506, and 508 are part of a cloudnetwork 502. The cloud network 502 may include additional computingdevices (not shown). In one example, the computing devices 504, 506, and508 may be different servers. In another example, two or more of thecomputing devices 504, 506, and 508 may be modules of a single server.Analogously, each of the computing device 504, 506, and 508 may includeone or more modules or servers. For ease of illustration purposesherein, each of the computing devices 504, 506, and 508 may beconfigured to perform particular functions within the cloud network 502.For instance, computing device 508 may be a source of audio content fora streaming music service.

As shown, the computing device 504 may be configured to interface withNMDs 512, 514, and 516 via communication path 542. NMDs 512, 514, and516 may be components of one or more “Smart Home” systems. In one case,NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be physically distributed throughout ahousehold, similar to the distribution of devices shown in FIG. 1. Inanother case, two or more of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may bephysically positioned within relative close proximity of one another.Communication path 542 may comprise one or more types of networks, suchas a WAN including the Internet, LAN, and/or PAN, among otherpossibilities.

In one example, one or more of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 are devicesconfigured primarily for audio detection. In another example, one ormore of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be components of devices havingvarious primary utilities. For instance, as discussed above inconnection to FIGS. 2 and 3, one or more of NMDs 512, 514, and 516 maybe (or at least may include or be a component of) the microphone(s) 220of playback device 200 or the microphone(s) 310 of network device 300.Further, in some cases, one or more of NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be (orat least may include or be a component of) the playback device 200 ornetwork device 300. In an example, one or more of NMDs 512, 514, and/or516 may include multiple microphones arranged in a microphone array. Insome examples, one or more of NMDs 512, 514, and/or 516 may be amicrophone on a mobile computing device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, orother computing device).

As shown, the computing device 506 is configured to interface with CR522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 via communication path 544. In oneexample, CR 522 may be a network device such as the network device 200of FIG. 2. Accordingly, CR 522 may be configured to provide thecontroller interface 400 of FIG. 4. Similarly, PBDs 532, 534, 536, and538 may be playback devices such as the playback device 300 of FIG. 3.As such, PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be physically distributedthroughout a household as shown in FIG. 1. For illustration purposes,PBDs 536 and 538 are shown as members of a bonded zone 530, while PBDs532 and 534 are members of their own respective zones. As describedabove, the PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be dynamically bonded,grouped, unbonded, and ungrouped. Communication path 544 may compriseone or more types of networks, such as a WAN including the Internet,LAN, and/or PAN, among other possibilities.

In one example, as with NMDs 512, 514, and 516, CR 522 and PBDs 532,534, 536, and 538 may also be components of one or more “Smart Home”systems. In one case, PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be distributedthroughout the same household as the NMDs 512, 514, and 516. Further, assuggested above, one or more of PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be oneor more of NMDs 512, 514, and 516. For example, any one or more (orperhaps all) of NMDs 512-16, PBDs 532-38, and/or CR 522 may bevoice-enabled devices (VEDs).

The NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be part of a local area network, and thecommunication path 542 may include an access point that links the localarea network of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 to the computing device 504over a WAN (communication path not shown). Likewise, each of the NMDs512, 514, and 516 may communicate with each other via such an accesspoint.

Similarly, CR 522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be part of a localarea network and/or a local playback network as discussed in previoussections, and the communication path 544 may include an access pointthat links the local area network and/or local playback network of CR522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 to the computing device 506 over aWAN. As such, each of the CR 522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 mayalso communicate with each over such an access point.

In one example, communication paths 542 and 544 may comprise the sameaccess point. In an example, each of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516, CR 522,and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may access the cloud network 502 via thesame access point for a household.

As shown in FIG. 5, each of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516, CR 522, and PBDs532, 534, 536, and 538 may also directly communicate with one or more ofthe other devices via communication means 546. Communication means 546as described herein may involve and/or include one or more forms ofcommunication between the devices, according to one or more networkprotocols, over one or more types of networks, and/or may involvecommunication via one or more other network devices. For instance,communication means 546 may include one or more of for example,Bluetooth™ (IEEE 802.15), NFC, Wireless direct, and/or Proprietarywireless, among other possibilities.

In one example, CR 522 may communicate with NMD 512 over Bluetooth™, andcommunicate with PBD 534 over another local area network. In anotherexample, NMD 514 may communicate with CR 522 over another local areanetwork, and communicate with PBD 536 over Bluetooth™. In a furtherexample, each of the PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may communicate witheach other according to a spanning tree protocol over a local playbacknetwork, while each communicating with CR 522 over a local area network,different from the local playback network. Other examples are alsopossible.

In some cases, communication means between the NMDs 512, 514, and 516,CR 522, and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be different (or perhapschange) depending on types of communication requirements between thedevices, network conditions, and/or latency demands. For instance,communication means 546 may be used when NMD 516 is first introduced tothe household with the PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538. In one case, the NMD516 may transmit identification information corresponding to the NMD 516to PBD 538 via NFC, and PBD 538 may in response, transmit local areanetwork information to NMD 516 via NFC (or some other form ofcommunication). However, once NMD 516 has been configured within thehousehold, communication means between NMD 516 and PBD 538 may change.For instance, NMD 516 may subsequently communicate with PBD 538 viacommunication path 542, the cloud network 502, and communication path544. In another example, the NMDs and PBDs may never communicate vialocal communications means 546. In a further example, the NMDs and PBDsmay communicate primarily via local communications means 546. Otherexamples are also possible.

In an illustrative example, NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be configured toreceive voice inputs to control PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538. Theavailable control commands may include any media playback systemcontrols previously discussed, such as playback volume control, playbacktransport controls, music source selection, and grouping, among otherpossibilities. In one instance, NMD 512 may receive a voice input tocontrol one or more of the PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538. In response toreceiving the voice input, NMD 512 may transmit via communication path542, the voice input to computing device 504 for processing. In oneexample, the computing device 504 may convert the voice input to anequivalent text command, and parse the text command to identify acommand. Computing device 504 may then subsequently transmit the textcommand to the computing device 506, and computing device 506 in turnmay then control one or more of PBDs 532-538 to execute the command. Inanother example, the computing device 504 may convert the voice input toan equivalent text command, and then subsequently transmit the textcommand to the computing device 506. The computing device 506 may thenparse the text command to identify one or more playback commands, andthen computing device 506 may additionally control one or more of PBDs532-538 to execute the command.

For instance, if the text command is “Play ‘Track 1’ by ‘Artist 1’ from‘Streaming Service 1’ in ‘Zone 1’,” The computing device 506 mayidentify (i) a URL for “Track 1” by “Artist 1” available from “StreamingService 1,” and (ii) at least one playback device in “Zone 1.” In thisexample, the URL for “Track 1” by “Artist 1” from “Streaming Service 1”may be a URL pointing to computing device 508, and “Zone 1” may be thebonded zone 530. As such, upon identifying the URL and one or both ofPBDs 536 and 538, the computing device 506 may transmit viacommunication path 544 to one or both of PBDs 536 and 538, theidentified URL for playback. One or both of PBDs 536 and 538 mayresponsively retrieve audio content from the computing device 508according to the received URL, and begin playing “Track 1” by “Artist 1”from “Streaming Service 1.”

One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above isjust one illustrative example, and that other implementations are alsopossible. In one case, operations performed by one or more of theplurality of network devices 500, as described above, may be performedby one or more other devices in the plurality of network devices 500.For instance, the conversion from voice input to the text command may bealternatively, partially, or wholly performed by another device ordevices, such as CR 522, NMD 512, computing device 506, PBD 536, and/orPBD 538. Analogously, the identification of the URL may bealternatively, partially, or wholly performed by another device ordevices, such as NMD 512, computing device 504, PBD 536, and/or PBD 538.

f. Example Network Microphone Device

FIG. 6 shows a function block diagram of an example network microphonedevice 600 that may be configured to be one or more of NMDs 512, 514,and 516 of FIG. 5, and/or any of the VEDs disclosed and describedherein. As shown, the network microphone device 600 includes one or moreprocessors 602, tangible, non-transitory computer-readable memory 604, amicrophone array 606 (e.g., one or more microphones), a networkinterface 608, a user interface 610, software components 612, andspeaker(s) 614. One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat other network microphone device configurations and arrangements arealso possible. For instance, network microphone devices mayalternatively exclude the speaker(s) 614 or have a single microphoneinstead of microphone array 606.

The one or more processors 602 may include one or more processors and/orcontrollers, which may take the form of a general or special-purposeprocessor or controller. For instance, the one or more processors 602may include microprocessors, microcontrollers, application-specificintegrated circuits, digital signal processors, and the like. Thetangible, non-transitory computer-readable memory 604 may be datastorage that can be loaded with one or more of the software componentsexecutable by the one or more processors 602 to perform those functions.Accordingly, memory 604 may comprise one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable storage mediums, examples of which may includevolatile storage mediums such as random access memory, registers, cache,etc. and non-volatile storage mediums such as read-only memory, ahard-disk drive, a solid-state drive, flash memory, and/or anoptical-storage device, among other possibilities.

The microphone array 606 may be a plurality of microphones arranged todetect sound in the environment of the network microphone device 600.Microphone array 606 may include any type of microphone now known orlater developed such as a condenser microphone, electret condensermicrophone, or a dynamic microphone, among other possibilities. In oneexample, the microphone array may be arranged to detect audio from oneor more directions relative to the network microphone device. Themicrophone array 606 may be sensitive to a portion of a frequency range.In one example, a first subset of the microphone array 606 may besensitive to a first frequency range, while a second subset of themicrophone array may be sensitive to a second frequency range. Themicrophone array 606 may further be arranged to capture locationinformation of an audio source (e.g., voice, audible sound) and/or toassist in filtering background noise. Notably, in some examples themicrophone array may consist of only a single microphone, rather than aplurality of microphones.

The network interface 608 may be configured to facilitate wirelessand/or wired communication between various network devices, such as, inreference to FIG. 5, CR 522, PBDs 532-538, computing devices 504-508 incloud network 502, and other network microphone devices, among otherpossibilities. As such, network interface 608 may take any suitable formfor carrying out these functions, examples of which may include anEthernet interface, a serial bus interface (e.g., FireWire, USB 2.0,etc.), a chipset and antenna adapted to facilitate wirelesscommunication, and/or any other interface that provides for wired and/orwireless communication. In one example, the network interface 608 may bebased on an industry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standardsincluding IEEE 802.3, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a,802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communicationstandard, and so on).

The user interface 610 of the network microphone device 600 may beconfigured to facilitate user interactions with the network microphonedevice. In one example, the user interface 610 may include one or moreof physical buttons, graphical interfaces provided on touch sensitivescreen(s) and/or surface(s), among other possibilities, for a user todirectly provide input to the network microphone device 600. The userinterface 610 may further include one or more of lights and thespeaker(s) 614 to provide visual and/or audio feedback to a user. In oneexample, the network microphone device 600 may further be configured toplayback audio content via the speaker(s) 614.

f. Example Media Playback Environment

It may be desirable in some instances for a user to control and playmedia content on networked devices where the media content may be playedusing a first media playback protocol and controlled using a first mediaplayback protocol and/or a second media playback protocol. In somecircumstances, media playback systems may be able to receive mediacontent from one or more media sources using different media playbackprotocols. However, this method might not allow for consistent controlacross the two or more media playback protocols (e.g., starting mediastreams, issuing playback commands, grouping networked devices,controlling volume, etc.). To enable control of the networked devicesacross different media playback protocols, in some examples, networkeddevices may include hardware and/or software components to facilitatecommunication and control of networked devices using one or moredifferent media playback protocols. This may be beneficial because itallows a user's actions using one media playback protocol to beconverted and/or reflected in another media playback protocol, providingthe user with a seamless experience independent of the media playbackprotocol that the user is using.

For instance, a user may have a media playback system including one ormore networked devices. The one or more networked devices may be able toreceive media from, and be controlled by, a first control device orapplication on the first control device using one media playbackprotocol (e.g., an iPhone® using Airplay). The one or more networkeddevices may also be able to retrieve media over a wide area network(WAN) from a remote server and be controlled by a second control deviceor application (e.g., a Sonos® controller) using another media playbackprotocol. If the user starts a media stream to or media playback at theone or more networked devices using one media playback protocol on afirst control device, the user may be able to control (e.g.,play/pause/skip song) the media stream using another media playbackprotocol on a second control device. This feature provides the user withthe freedom to stream and control media content to networked devicesusing whichever control device is most convenient to the user. In someaspects, the first control device and the second control device may bethe same device (e.g., computing device, mobile phone, tablet, etc.).

FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of an example media playback system 700 thatincludes a media source device 702 and a control device 704 which areconfigured to control a first networked device 706 and a secondnetworked device 714. First networked device 706 and second networkeddevice 714 may be configured to play back media synchronously orindependently. First networked device 706 and second networked device714 may be any of playback devices 102-124 in FIG. 1, playback device200 in FIG. 2, NMDs 512, 514, 516, and PBDs 532, 534, 536, 538 in FIG.5, and/or network microphone device 600 in FIG. 6.

First networked device 706 includes a first protocol interface 708, asecond protocol interface 710, and a media renderer 712. Secondnetworked device 714 includes a first protocol interface 716, a secondprotocol interface 718, and a media renderer 720. Media source device702 and first protocol interfaces 708 and 716 may operate according tofirst media playback protocol 746. Control device 704 and secondprotocol interfaces 710 and 718 are part of a second media playbackprotocol 748.

Media source device 702 may be a network device from which firstnetworked device 706 and second networked device 714 receive mediacontent in a particular media playback protocol. Media source device 702may include similar components to control device 300 of FIG. 3, and mayoperate using a particular media playback protocol, such as first mediaplayback protocol 746. For example, media source device 702 may includean iPhone®, iPad®, or any other smart phone, tablet or network devicethat uses a particular media playback protocol (e.g., airplay). Mediasource device 702 communicates with first protocol interface 708 offirst networked device 706 via a network connection. Control commands infirst media playback protocol may be communicated as control information726 via the network connection. Streaming audio content 740 may also becommunicated via the network connection. In some instances, controlinformation 726 is communicated along with audio content 740, while inother instances control information 726 is communicated separately fromaudio content 740. Media source device 702 can communicate with firstprotocol interface 716 of second networked device 714 via controlinformation 728 and audio content 742. Control information 722 and 726may be transmitted over the respective network connections and beconfigured to control media playback of first networked device 706 andsecond networked device 714, respectively.

Control device 704 may be a network device that transmits controlcommands or instructions to first networked device 706 and secondnetworked device 714. Control device 704 may include similar componentsto control device 300 of FIG. 3. In one example, control device 704 maybe a dedicated controller for control environment 700. In anotherexample, control device 704 may be a network device or other computingdevice on which a media playback system controller application may beinstalled, such as an iPhone®, iPad®, or any other smart phone, tablet,or network device. In yet other examples, control device 704 may be thesame device as media source device 702. In other words, control device704 may be configured to use the first media playback protocol 746 andthe second media playback protocol 748. Control device 704 communicateswith second protocol interface 710 of first networked device 706 viacontrol information 722 and audio information 732. Control information722 may include control commands to control media playback on firstnetworked device 706 and/or second networked device 714.

In some examples, first networked device 706 and second networked device714 may be grouped to play back media synchronously in second mediaplayback protocol 748. In a group, first networked device 706 may act asa group coordinator. As group coordinator, first networked device 706may be responsible for receiving control information from control device704 and transmitting the control information to other group members. Forexample, control device 704 may send additional control information 722such as playback commands to first networked device 706 when firstnetworked device 706 is acting as a group coordinator, and first networkdevice 706 may communicate the control information to second networkeddevice 714. For example, the control commands controlling the secondnetworked device 706 may be transmitted from second protocol interface710 of first networked device 706 to second protocol interface 718 ofsecond networked device 714.

First networked device 706 may be a networked device such as any of avoice enabled device (VED), networked microphone device (NMD), audioplayback device (APD), video playback device (VPD), or any othernetworked device. These devices may optionally include one or moremicrophones and one or more speakers and/or speaker drivers. Firstnetworked device 706 includes a first protocol interface 708, a secondprotocol interface 710, and a media renderer 712. First networked device706 may be configured to receive audio content 740 from media sourcedevice 702 and control information 722 from control device 704. Firstnetworked device 706 may further be configured to send audio information732 (e.g., metadata such as album information, cover art, artistinformation, track name, radio station name, etc.) to control device704. First networked device 706 may be further configured to send and/orreceive control information 750 to/from second networked device 714.

First protocol interface 708 may be a hardware and/or software componentconfigured to (i) receive media or audio content in an audio stream 740sent by media source device 702, (ii) convert (e.g., decrypt,decompress, and/or decode) audio content 740, and (iii) send theconverted audio 740 to media renderer 712. First protocol interface 708may additionally be configured to (i) receive control information 724from second protocol interface 710 and (ii) send audio information 734to second protocol interface 710. First protocol interface 708 mayadditionally be configured to send control information 726 to mediasource device 702.

Second protocol interface 710 may be a hardware and/or softwarecomponent configured to (i) receive control information 722 from controldevice 704 and (ii) send audio information 732 to control device 704.Second protocol interface 710 may additionally be configured to (i) sendcontrol information 724 to first protocol interface 708 and (ii) receiveaudio information 734 from first protocol interface 708. Second protocolinterface 710 may additionally be configured to send and/or receivecontrol information 750 to/from second protocol interface 718.

Media renderer 712 may be a hardware and/or software componentconfigured to (i) receive audio data 738 from first protocol interface708 and (ii) render audio data 738 for playback.

Second networked device 714 may be a networked device such as any of avoice enabled device (VED), networked microphone device (NMD), audioplayback device (APD), video playback device (VPD), or any othernetworked device comprising one or more microphones and one or morespeakers. Second networked device 714 includes a first protocolinterface 716, a second protocol interface 718, and a media renderer720. Second networked device 714 may be configured to receive audiocontent 742 from media source device. First networked device 706 mayfurther be configured to send second control information 728 to mediasource device 702. Second networked device 714 may additionally beconfigured to send and/or receive control information 750 to/from firstnetworked device 706.

First protocol interface 716 may be a hardware and/or software componentconfigured to (i) receive audio content 742 sent by media source device702, (ii) convert (e.g., decrypt, decompress, and/or decode) audiocontent 742, and/or (iii) send the converted audio content 742 to mediarenderer 720. First protocol interface 716 may additionally beconfigured to (i) receive control information 730 from second protocolinterface 718 and/or (ii) send audio information 736 to second protocolinterface 718. First protocol interface 716 may additionally beconfigured to send control information 728 to media source device 702.

Second protocol interface 718 may be a hardware and/or softwarecomponent configured to send control information 730 to first protocolinterface 716. Second protocol interface 710 may additionally beconfigured to send and/or receive control information 750 to/from secondprotocol interface 710.

Media renderer 720 may be a hardware and/or software componentconfigured to (i) receive audio 744 data from first protocol interface716 and (ii) render audio data 744 for playback.

First media playback protocol 746 may be a set or system of protocolsused by media source device 702 to stream media content to firstnetworked device 706 and second networked device 714. To discovernetworked devices available for playback, first media playback protocol746 may include a discovery stage. A control device may transmit (e.g.,broadcast, multicast, unicast) a discovery message (e.g., mDNS message)to devices on the network. First networked device 706 and secondnetworked device 714 can advertise themselves by responding to thediscovery message. Media source device 702 may determine from thediscovery response message that first networked device 706 and secondnetworked device 714 support first media playback protocol 746. Forexample, the discovery response message may contain informationidentifying or listing first media playback protocol 746 as a protocolsupported by first networked device 706.

After identifying that first networked device 706 and second networkeddevice 714 support first media playback protocol 746, media sourcedevice 702 may open a connection (e.g., via real-time streaming protocol(RTSP) setup message) with first networked device 706 and a connectionwith second networked device 714. Then, media source device 702 may sendaudio content 740 using an audio stream (e.g., real-time transportprotocol (RTP) stream) which may be a unicast stream. Audio content 740may optionally contain metadata (e.g., secondary data related to themedia content) in the same stream or different stream. First networkeddevice 706 and second networked device 714 may send media playbackcontrols (e.g., play, pause, next track, and volume adjustments) tomedia source device 702 if a user inputs the commands on first networkeddevice 706, second networked device 714, control device 704, or mediasource device 702.

Second media playback protocol 748 may be a set or system of protocolsused by control device 704 to control various features of firstnetworked device 706 and second networked device 714. Second mediaplayback protocol 748 may involve the same or similar protocolsimplemented by playback device 200, control device 300, controllerinterface 400, plurality of networked devices 500, and/or networkmicrophone device 600.

In operation, media source device 702 may stream audio content 740 tofirst networked device 706. Audio content 740 may contain metadataincluding information about audio content 740 (e.g., song title,runtime, album art, artist, radio station name, etc.) First protocolinterface 708 of first networked device 706 may receive audio content740 and its corresponding metadata from media source device 702. Firstprotocol interface 708 may then decrypt, decompress audio content 740,and/or decode into audio data 738 and send audio data 738 to mediarenderer 712 for rendering and playback. First protocol interface 708may send audio information 734 to second protocol interface 710. Audioinformation 734 may contain the metadata sent with and/or correspondingto audio content 740 to first protocol interface 708 of first networkeddevice 706. Second protocol interface 710 may send audio information 732to control device 704. Audio information 732 may contain the meta datasent with and/or corresponding to audio content 740 which may becurrently played back by first networked device 706. Control device 704may display audio information 732 on a graphical interface to identifymedia currently being played back.

Media source device 702 may additionally stream audio content 742 tonetworked device 714 in an audio stream (e.g., unicast stream, multicaststream). Audio content 742 and audio content 740 may contain the samemedia content or may be different portions of the same media content.Networked device 706 and networked device 714 may play audio content740,742 in synchrony using playback timing information included withaudio content 740, 742. For example, networked device 706 and networkeddevice 714 may be grouped for synchronous media playback. As yet anotherexample, if first networked device 706 and second networked device 714are configured to operate in a stereo pair, first networked device 706may operate as a “right” speaker and second networked device 714 mayoperate as a “left speaker.” In one example, audio content 740 mayrepresent the “right” portion of the media content and audio 742 mayrepresent the “left” portion of the media content. In another example,audio content 740 and 742 may contain the same media content. Firstnetworked device 706 may extract and playback the “right” portion ofaudio content 740 and second networked device 714 may extract andplayback the “left portion” of audio content 742.

First protocol interface 716 of second networked device 714 may thenreceive audio 742 and its corresponding metadata from media sourcedevice 702. First protocol interface 716 may then decrypt, decompress,and/or decode audio content 742 into audio data 744 and send audio data744 to media renderer 720 for rendering and playback. First protocolinterface 716 may send audio information 736 to second protocolinterface 718. Audio information 736 may contain the metadata sent withaudio content 742 to first protocol interface 716.

Second protocol interface 710, after receiving audio information 734from first protocol interface 708, may convert audio information 734 toa format compatible with second media playback protocol 748 and send theconverted audio information to control device 704 as audio information732. In some aspects, second protocol interface 710 may be compatiblewith audio information 734 without conversion, or the second protocolinterface 710 may be configured to convert audio information 734.Control device 704 receives audio information 734, which allows controldevice 704 to display to the user the media content playing on firstnetworked device 706. This is beneficial because it allows a user tostart a media stream through media source device 702 and then later viewwhat is playing via control device 704.

A user may issue a playback command via control device 704 to, forexample, pause the media content. Control device 704 may send, in aformat compatible with second media playback protocol 748, the pausecommand as part of control information 722 to second protocol interface710 of first networked device 706. Second protocol interface 710 mayreceive the pause command and convert the pause command to a formatcompatible with first media playback protocol 746. Second protocolinterface 710 may send the pause command as part of control information724 to first protocol interface 708. Second protocol interface 710 mayalso send the unconverted pause command to second protocol interface 718of second networked device 714 as part of control information 750. Afterreceiving the pause command from second protocol interface 710, secondprotocol interface 718 may convert the pause command to a formatcompatible with first media playback protocol 746. Second protocolinterface 718 may send the converted pause command to first protocolinterface 716 as a part of control information 730. For example, secondprotocol interface 710 may receive the pause command as a UPnP message,and transmit an instruction to pause playback to first protocolinterface 708, and first protocol interface 708 may transmit the pauseinstruction as a RTSP request. The RTSP request may include a sessionidentifier to identify the current playback session. The sessionidentifier may be a number or string that identifies the media streamsuch as a session universally unique identifier (UUID), client-instanceinformation, or DACP-ID.

First protocol interface 708 may receive the pause command throughcontrol information 724 from second protocol interface 710 and send thepause command to media source device 702 as part of control information726. Similarly, first protocol interface 716 may receive the pausecommand as part of control information 730 from second protocolinterface 718 and send the pause command to media source 702 as part ofcontrol information 728.

Media source device 702 may receive the pause command from firstnetworked device 706 through control information 726 and from secondnetworked device 714 through control information 728. After receivingthe pause command, media source device 702 may temporarily stop sendingaudio content 740 and audio content 742 to first networked device 706and second networked device 714, respectively.

While the systems and methods described herein are described in thecontext of two networked devices (first networked device 706 and secondnetworked device 714), the methods and interactions are equallyapplicable to media playback systems including any number of networkeddevices (e.g., only one networked device or more than two networkeddevices).

III. Example Systems and Methods

One challenge for media playback systems that are compatible withmultiple media playback protocols may be an inability to effectivelycontrol grouped networked devices configured for synchronous playback.Networked devices may be in a group when they are configured to play amedia stream in synchrony with one another. One media playback protocolmay group networked devices in a particular way (e.g., network topology)that is not compatible with another media playback protocol. Thus, if auser attempts to control grouped networked devices using a device thatuses a different media playback protocol than was used to initiallygroup the networked devices, a user might not be able to effectivelycontrol the networked devices using that device.

To address this potential problem, in some examples, it may be desirablefor a first networked device in a media playback system to (i) determinethat the first networked device and a second networked device in themedia system are receiving the same media stream from a media sourcedevice using one media playback protocol, and (ii) send an indication toa control device using a different media playback protocol that thefirst networked device and second networked device are in a group. Thismay be beneficial in circumstances where the media streams are initiatedfrom a media source device that uses a media playback protocol that isnot compatible the media playback protocol of a control device becauseit may allow a user to control media playback to the group independentof the media playback protocols used by the media source device andcontrol device.

For instance, a user may stream media content to two networked devicesusing a media source device that uses a particular media playbackprotocol (e.g., an iPhone® using Airplay). The user may then want tocontrol the media content (e.g., pause, skip to the next song, etc.) viaa control device that uses a different media playback protocol (e.g., aSonos™ controller). One of the two networked devices may determine thatboth networked devices are receiving the same media stream and transmitan indication to a control device associated with the different mediaplayback protocol that the two networked devices are in a group. Afterwhich, the user may pause the media content through the control device.Because the control device received the indication that the twonetworked devices are in a group, the control device can issue playbackcommands to the two networked devices to pause the media content.

One of the two networked devices may determine the two networked devicesare in a group by identifying a common stream characteristic. Forexample, a first networked device may determine the first networkeddevice and a second networked device are receiving the same media streamby determining a common stream characteristic between a first mediastream and a second media stream. The common stream characteristic mayinclude (i) determining a first media stream identifier is identical toa second media stream identifier, and/or (ii) determining a first mediastream and second media stream originate from the same media sourcedevice. In some aspects, common stream characteristic may be a streamcharacteristic particular to the first media playback protocol.

In some examples, a first networked device may determine the existenceof a common stream characteristic between a first media stream and asecond media stream by determining a first media stream identifier isidentical to a second media stream identifier. The first networkeddevice determines that the first media stream identifier is identical toa second media stream identifier by (i) causing the second networkeddevice to send the second media stream identifier after the firstnetwork device receives the first media stream and first media streamidentifier, and (ii) comparing the second media stream identifier withthe first media stream identifier.

For example, in FIG. 7, media source device 702 may send audio content740 to first networked device 706 and audio content 742 to secondnetworked device 714. Audio content 740 and 742 may include metadataincluding song title, runtime, album art, artist, radio station name,etc. Audio content 740 and 742 may also include a first media streamidentifier and a second media stream identifier that includes a sessionidentifier of the each respective media stream. The session identifiermay be the same for the entirety of the playback session. The sessionidentifier may be a number or string that identifies the media streamsuch as a session universally unique identifier (UUID), client-instanceinformation, or DACP-ID. Once first networked device 706 receives audiocontent 740 along with the first media stream identifier, firstnetworked device 706 may send a message to second networked device 714requesting second network device 714 send the second media streamidentifier associated with audio content 742. In response to receivingthe second media stream identifier associated with audio content 742,first networked device 706 may compare the first media stream identifierwith the second media stream identifier to determine whether they areidentical. In some instances, the second network device 714 may notifythe first networked device 706 of the second media stream identifierthrough an update to the state information of the networked device 714.The state information may be transmitted to other networked devicesperiodically, aperiodically, and/or in response to network events (e.g.,network topology change, playback status change), and the stateinformation may be associated with the second media playback protocol.The state information may be propagated in the network media systemusing a publish/subscribe model. For example, second networked device714 may subscribe to network events at first networked device 706, andfirst networked device 706 may publish network events to any or all ofits subscribers. Details on state information or variables in thenetwork media system may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/278,473, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some aspects, a first networked device may determine the existence ofa common stream characteristic between a first media stream and a secondmedia stream by determining a first media stream and second media streamoriginate from the same media source device. This method may bebeneficial when the media streams do not contain media streamidentifiers.

Using the previous example, media source device 702 may send audiocontent 740 to first networked device 706 and may send audio content 742to second networked device 714. First networked device 706, afterreceiving audio content 740, may analyze the metadata to determine audiocontent 740 originated from media source device 702. First networkdevice 706 may request second network device 714 send the metadataassociated with audio content 742. From this metadata, first networkeddevice 706 may determine audio content 742 originated from media sourcedevice 702. After determining audio content 740 and audio content 742originated from media source device 702, first networked device 706 maydetermine there is a common stream characteristic between audio content740 and 742.

Once the first networked device determines there is a common streamcharacteristic between the first media stream and the second mediastream, the first networked device may group the first networked devicewith the second networked device. Different media playback protocols maygroup networked devices in different ways. For instance, a first mediaplayback protocol (e.g., first media playback protocol 746 in FIG. 7)may group networked devices in response to a user indicating a mediasource device should begin streaming media content to multiple networkeddevices. For example, a user may select to play back media content on anetworked device in a kitchen and on a networked device in a livingroom. The media source device using the described media playbackprotocol may stream the same media content to the networked deviceslocated in the kitchen and living room. The media source device mayconsider the two networked devices grouped for purposes of mediaplayback.

In another instance, a second media playback protocol (e.g., secondmedia playback protocol 748 in FIG. 7) may group a first networkeddevice and second networked device in response to (i) a user issuing acommand to group the networked devices via a control device and/or (ii)one of the networked devices receiving a request to form a group fromanother networked device. In response to a request to group thenetworked devices, the networked devices can (i) update a group topologyand/or (ii) update a group state variable.

In some examples, grouping network devices may involve grouping a firstnetworked device and second networked device in a topology of a mediaplayback system. The group topology may include a table and/or databasewith information regarding the relationship of the networked devices ina media playback system. The group topology may be shared via a networkconnection and accessible by each networked device in the media playbacksystem. In operation, when a networked device determines it is beingadded or removed from a group, the networked device may update the grouptopology to reflect the addition or removal from the group.

For example, in FIG. 7, a user may issue a command to group firstnetworked device 706 and second networked device 714 via control device704. In response to receiving the group command, control device 704 maysend control information 722 including the group command to firstnetworked device 706. First networked device 704, upon receiving controlinformation 722, may (i) send the group command to second networkeddevice 714 via control information 750, and (ii) update the grouptopology via a network connection to reflect first networked device 706and second networked device 714 as grouped.

In some examples, grouping networked devices may involve updating agroup variable for the first networked device and the second networkeddevice. Each networked device in a media playback system may have agroup state variable associated with it indicating whether the networkeddevice is grouped or ungrouped. The group variables may be stored in anetwork-accessible table or database that can be retrieved by anynetworked device in the media system. The group variables may be storedin any of the devices in the media playback system including, but notlimited to, a remote computing server or computing device in cloudnetwork 502.

Using the previous example, once first networked device 704 receivescontrol information 722 containing the group command, first networkeddevice 704 may (i) send the group command to second networked device 714via control information 750, and (ii) update a group state variable forboth first networked device 706 and second networked device 714 via anetwork connection to reflect first networked device 706 and secondnetworked device 714 as grouped. In some instances, first networkeddevice 706 may update its own group state variable and second networkeddevice 714, after receiving the group command with control information750, may update its group state variable.

After grouping the first networked device and second networked device,the first networked device and second networked device may be ungrouped.The user may want to continue playback of media on the first networkeddevice but no longer wants to playback media on the second networkeddevice. The user may issue a command through the control device ineither media playback protocol to ungroup the second networked devicefrom the first networked device. When the ungrouping command is receivedvia an interface associated with the second media playback protocol, thecontrol device may send the ungroup command to the first networkeddevice. In response to receiving the command to ungroup the secondnetworked device from the first networked device, the first networkeddevice may ungroup the second networked device from the first networkeddevice. Ungrouping the second networked device from the first networkeddevice may include (i) updating a group topology, (ii) updating a groupstate variable, and/or (iii) transmitting an instruction to the secondnetworked device to leave the group. The first networked device maycause the second networked device to send a disconnect signal to themedia source device to indicate the media source device should stopsteaming media content to the second networked device.

In another example, ungrouping the second networked device from thefirst networked device may include the first networked devicetransmitting a command to the second networked device to (i) ungroupfrom the first networked device in an interface associated with thesecond media playback protocol, (ii) cease playing back the mediastream, (iii) send a disconnect command to the media source device in aninterface associated with the first media playback protocol, and (iv)update the network topology to reflect the second networked device isnot in a group. The second networked device may cease playback of themedia stream in response to receiving the ungroup command from the firstnetworked device and before receiving a command from the media sourcedevice to stop playback.

In some examples, ungrouping network devices in an interface associatedwith the second media playback protocol may involve ungrouping a firstnetworked device and second networked device in a group topology of amedia playback system. As previously discussed, the group topology mayinclude a table and/or database with information regarding therelationship (e.g., grouped, ungrouped, group coordinator status, etc.)of the networked devices in a media playback system. When a networkeddevice determines it is being removed from a group, the networked devicemay update the group topology to reflect the removal from the group.

In some examples, ungrouping networked devices in an interfaceassociated with the second media playback protocol may involve updatinga group variable for the first networked device and the second networkeddevice. Each networked device in a media playback system may have agroup state variable associated with it indicating whether the networkeddevice is grouped or ungrouped. The group variables may be stored in anetwork-accessible table or database that can be retrieved by anynetworked device in the media system. When a networked device determinesit is being removed from a group, the networked device may update thegroup state variable to reflect it is no longer in a group.

In some circumstances, the media playback protocol of the media sourcedevice may be unstable or taxing on the network (e.g., low bandwidth,poor wireless signal, and/or streaming media to too many devices). Inthese situations, it may be beneficial for the first networked device,after determining the first networked device and the second networkeddevice are in a group, to cause the second networked device todisconnect from the media source device and transmit the media stream tothe second networked device. This allows the first networked device tocontrol the synchronization and grouping within the media playbacksystem, resulting in a more stable and less taxing network environment.

Similar to the examples discussed above, the first networked device mayreceive a first media stream and a first media stream identifier usingfirst media playback protocol 746. The first networked device mayreceive, from a second networked device, a second media streamidentifier that corresponds to a second media stream the second networkdevice received from the media source device using first media playbackprotocol 746. The first networked device may determine the existence ofa common stream characteristic between the first media stream and thesecond media stream. In response to determining the common streamcharacteristic between the first media stream and the second mediastream, the first networked device may group the second networked deviceto the first networked device in second media playback protocol 748.

Additionally, the first networked device may determine that it is agroup coordinator of the group including the first networked device andthe second networked device. The group coordinator may be responsiblefor (i) receiving the media stream from the media source device (ii)transmitting the media stream to the other networked devices in themedia system, (iii) receiving commands from a control device, and/or(iv) transmitting the commands to the other networked devices in themedia system. This may be beneficial because the group coordinator cancontrol the timing and synchronization of all media streams from themedia source device and commands from the control device.

In some examples, the first networked device may determine it is thegroup coordinator of the group by comparing a first device identifier ofthe first networked device with a second device identifier of the secondnetworked device. Each networked device in the media playback system mayinclude a device identifier (e.g., a number or string that is advertisedto the network topology of the media playback system). The first networkdevice may determine it is the group coordinator of the group if thefirst device identifier is a lower number or smaller string than thesecond device identifier. For example, in FIG. 7, first networked device706 may have a first device identifier of “0103” and second networkeddevice 714 may have a second device identifier of “0921.” In thisexample, the first device identifier of “0103” is lower than the seconddevice identifier of “0921.” Since the first device identify is lowerthan the second device identifier, the first networked device maydetermine it is the group coordinator of the group including the firstnetworked device and the second networked device.

After the first networked device determines it is the group coordinator,the first networked device may transmit, to the media source device inan interface associated with the first media playback protocol, acommand to disconnect from the second networked device. For example,first networked device 706 may determine it is the group coordinator ofthe group including first networked device 706 and second networkeddevice 714. After which, first networked device 706 may send a commandincluded in control information 726 to media source device 702 todisconnect from second networked device 714. In response, media sourcedevice 702 may discontinue transmitting audio content 742 to secondnetworked device 714.

In some circumstances, after the first networked device sends a commandto the media source device to disconnect from the second networkeddevice, a user might not be able to see that the first networked deviceand the second networked device are in a group. To overcome thispotential problem, the first networked device, based on determining thatit is the group coordinator, may transmit an indication in an interfaceassociated with the first media playback protocol, to the media sourcedevice, that the first networked device and second networked device aregrouped. The indication that the first networked device and secondnetworked device are grouped may include changing a networked deviceidentity of the first networked device to include the second networkeddevice. Each networked device in the media system may have acorresponding networked device identity that is displayed on aninterface of the media source device and control device. The networkeddevice identity may include the name that is advertised to the network(e.g., “Kitchen,” “Bathroom,” “Living Room,” etc).

The first networked device may change its networked device identity toinclude the second networked device identity. Thus, if the firstnetworked device identity was “Kitchen,” and the second networked deviceidentity was “Bathroom,” the new first networked device identity may be“Kitchen+Bathroom.” This allows a user to see, via an interfaceassociated with the first media playback protocol, that the firstnetworked device and second networked device are still operating in agroup even though they are not displayed as separate networked deviceson the media source device.

For example, in FIG. 7, first networked device 706 may have thenetworked device identity “Living Room,” and second networked device 714may have the networked device identity “Den.” First networked device706, after sending a command included in control information 726 tomedia source device 702 to disconnect from second networked device 714,may combine the networked identity of first networked device 706 andsecond networked device 714 to “Living Room+Den.” First networked device706 may advertise this new networked identity during discovery in thediscovery response message sent to media source device 702. For example,the discovery response message may include a field for networkedidentity, and the networked identity listed may be “Living Room+Den.”The networked identity may be displayed on the control device as thename of a zone, room, and/or networked device.

After grouping the first networked device and second networked device,it may be desirable to ungroup the first networked device and secondnetworked device. The user may want to continue playback of media on thefirst networked device but no longer wants to playback media on thesecond networked device. The user may issue a command through thecontrol device using an interface associated with the second mediaplayback protocol to ungroup the second networked device from the firstnetworked device. The control device may send the ungroup command to thefirst networked device as, for example, control information 722.

In response to receiving the command to ungroup the second networkeddevice from the first networked device, the first networked device mayungroup the second networked device from the first networked device.Ungrouping the second networked device from the first networked devicemay include (i) updating a group topology and/or (ii) updating a groupstate variable. After ungrouping the second networked device from thefirst networked device, the first networked device may send, to themedia source device, an indication that the first networked device andsecond networked device are ungrouped. The indication that the firstnetworked device and second networked device are ungrouped may includechanging a networked device identity of the first networked device toremove the second networked device.

In operation, the first networked device changes its networked deviceidentity to remove the second networked device identity. Thus, if thefirst networked device identity was “Kitchen+Bathroom” when the firstnetworked device and the second networked device were grouped the newfirst networked device identity may be “Kitchen,” and the new secondnetworked device identity may be “Bathroom.” This allows a user to seethat the first networked device and second networked device areoperating as individual networked devices, not configured to play mediain synchrony with one another.

a. Example Method

Method 800 in FIG. 8 shows an example of a method that can beimplemented within an operating environment including or involving, forexample, the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, one or more playbackdevices 200 of FIG. 2, one or more control devices 300 of FIG. 3, theuser interface of FIG. 4, the configuration shown in FIG. 5, the NMDshown in FIG. 6, and/or the media playback system 700 in FIG. 7. Method800 may include one or more operations, functions, or actions asillustrated by one or more of blocks 802, 804, 806, 808, and 810.Although the blocks are illustrated in sequential order, these blocksmay also be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order thanthose described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined intofewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based uponthe desired implementation.

In addition, for the method 800 and other processes and methodsdisclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of onepossible implementation of some examples. In this regard, each block mayrepresent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, whichincludes one or more instructions executable by one or more processorsfor implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Theprogram code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, forexample, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. Thecomputer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readablemedium, for example, such as tangible, non-transitory computer-readablemedia that stores data for short periods of time like register memory,processor cache and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readablemedium may also include non-transitory media, such as secondary orpersistent long term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical ormagnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. Thecomputer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatilestorage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered acomputer readable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storagedevice. In addition, for the method 800 and other processes and methodsdisclosed herein, each block in FIG. 8 may represent circuitry that iswired to perform the specific logical functions in the process.

Method 800 begins at block 802, which includes a first networked device(or alternatively a computing device configured to control the firstnetworked device), receiving, from a media source device, a first mediastream and a first media stream identifier.

Next, method 800 advances to block 804, which includes, receiving, froma second networked device, a second media stream identifier. The secondmedia stream identifier corresponds to a second media stream received bythe second networked device from the media source device. In someexamples, the media source device and one of the first networked deviceand the second networked device are configured to use a first mediaplayback protocol and a second media playback protocol. In theseexamples, the first media playback protocol and the second mediaplayback protocol are incompatible. The media playback protocols may beincompatible in that the first media playback protocol is unable tocontrol playback associated with the second media playback protocol, andthe second media playback protocol is unable to control playbackassociated with the first media playback protocol.

Next, method 800 advances to block 806, which includes, determining acommon stream characteristic between the first media stream and thesecond media stream. In some examples, determining a common streamcharacteristic between the first media stream and the second mediastream includes determining that the first media stream identifier andsecond media stream identifier are identical.

In some examples, determining a common stream characteristic between thefirst media stream and the second media stream includes determining thatthe first media stream and second media stream originate from the mediasource device.

In alternative examples, block 806 additionally includes determiningthat the first networked device is a group coordinator of the group.

In some examples, determining that the first networked device is a groupcoordinator includes comparing a first device identifier of the firstnetworked device with a second device identifier of the second networkeddevice.

Some alternative examples further include, based on determining that thefirst networked device is the group coordinator, transmitting, to themedia source device, a command to disconnect from the second networkeddevice.

Some alternative examples further include, based on determining that thefirst networked device is the group coordinator, transmitting, to acontroller device, an indication that the first networked device andsecond networked device are grouped.

In some examples, transmitting the indication that the first networkeddevice and second networked device are grouped comprises changing anetworked device identity of the first networked device to include thesecond networked device.

Next, method 800 advances to block 808, which includes, in response todetermining the common stream characteristic between the first mediastream and the second media stream, grouping the second networked devicewith the first networked device.

In some examples, grouping the second networked device to the firstnetworked device includes configuring the first networked device and thesecond networked device to play the first media stream in synchrony withone another.

In some examples, grouping the second networked device with the firstnetworked device includes grouping the second networked device with thefirst networked device in a topology of a network media system.

In some examples, grouping the second networked device with the firstnetworked device includes updating a grouping state variable of thefirst networked device.

In some examples, the first networked device includes the first speakerand the first microphone. In some examples, the first networked deviceincludes the first microphone and a second networked device comprisesthe first speaker.

Next, method 800 advances to block 810, which includes transmitting, toa controller device, an indication that the first networked device andsecond networked device are grouped.

Alternatively or additionally, some examples additionally include,receiving, from the controller device, a command to ungroup the secondnetworked device from the first networked device. These examples furtherinclude, in response to receiving the command to ungroup the secondnetworked device from the first networked device, ungrouping the secondnetworked device from the first networked device.

In some examples, ungrouping the second networked device from the firstnetworked device includes reconfiguring the first networked device andthe second networked device to stop playing the first media stream insynchrony with one another.

In some examples, ungrouping the second networked device with the firstnetworked device includes ungrouping the second networked device fromthe first networked device in a topology of a network media system.

In some examples, ungrouping the second networked device with the firstnetworked device includes updating a grouping state variable of thefirst networked device.

Some examples additionally include causing the second networked deviceto transmit, to the media source device, a command to disconnect fromthe second networked device. These examples further includetransmitting, to the controller device, an indication that the firstnetworked device and second networked device are ungrouped.

Some examples additionally include transmitting, to the media sourcedevice, a message to change the networked device identity of the firstnetworked device to remove the second networked device.

In some examples, the controller device comprises the media sourcedevice.

IV. Conclusion

The description above discloses, among other things, various examplesystems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including,among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware.It is understood that such examples are merely illustrative and shouldnot be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that anyor all of the firmware, hardware, and/or software aspects or componentscan be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software,exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software,and/or firmware. Accordingly, the examples provided are not the onlyway(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles ofmanufacture.

Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with theembodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of aninvention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in thespecification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment,nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of otherembodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly andimplicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined withother embodiments.

The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrativeenvironments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, andother symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble theoperations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These processdescriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled inthe art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to othersskilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide athorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it isunderstood to those skilled in the art that certain examples of thepresent disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details.In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, andcircuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring aspects of the examples. Accordingly, the scope of the presentdisclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoingdescription of examples.

When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely softwareand/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at leastone example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible,non-transitory medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on,storing the software and/or firmware.

1. A first networked device comprising: at least one processor;non-transitory computer-readable medium; and program instructions storedon the non-transitory computer-readable medium that are executable bythe at least one processor such that the first networked device isconfigured to: receive, from a media source device, a first media streamusing a first media playback protocol, wherein the first networkeddevice and the media source device are configured to use the first mediaplayback protocol; receive, from a second networked device, a secondmedia stream identifier that corresponds to a second media streamreceived by the second networked device from the media source deviceusing the first media playback protocol; determine a common streamcharacteristic between the first media stream and the second mediastream; after determining the common stream characteristic between thefirst media stream and the second media stream, group the secondnetworked device with the first networked device using a second mediaplayback protocol, wherein the first networked device and the secondnetworked device are configured to use the first media playback protocoland the second media playback protocol, and wherein the first mediaplayback protocol and the second media playback protocol areincompatible; and transmit, to a controller device, an indication thatthe first networked device and the second networked device are grouped.2. The first networked device of claim 1, further comprising programinstructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium thatare executable by the at least one processor such that the firstnetworked device is configured to: receive an indication that the firstnetworked device is a group coordinator of the group comprising thefirst networked device and the second networked device.
 3. The firstnetworked device of claim 2, further comprising program instructionsstored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium that areexecutable by the at least one processor such that the first networkeddevice is configured to: based on receiving the indication that thefirst networked device is the group coordinator, transmit, to the mediasource device, a command to disconnect from the second networked device.4. The first networked device of claim 2, wherein the programinstructions that are executable by the at least one processor such thatthe first networked device is configured to receive the indication thatthe first networked device is the group coordinator comprise programinstructions that are executable by the at least one processor such thatthe first networked device is configured to: receive the indication thatthe first networked device is the group coordinator based on acomparison between a first device identifier of the first networkeddevice and a second device identifier of the second networked device. 5.The first networked device of claim 1, further comprising programinstructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium thatare executable by the at least one processor such that the firstnetworked device is configured to: receive, from the media sourcedevice, a first media stream identifier that corresponds to the firstmedia stream, wherein the program instructions that are executable bythe at least one processor such that the first networked device isconfigured to determine the common stream characteristic between thefirst media stream and the second media stream comprise programinstructions that are executable by the at least one processor such thatthe first networked device is configured to determine that the firstmedia stream identifier and the second media stream identifier areidentical.
 6. The first networked device of claim 1, wherein the programinstructions that are executable by the at least one processor such thatthe first networked device is configured to determine the common streamcharacteristic between the first media stream and the second mediastream comprise program instructions that are executable by the at leastone processor such that the first networked device is configured to:determine that the first media stream and second media stream originatefrom the media source device.
 7. The first networked device of claim 1,further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitorycomputer-readable medium that are executable by the at least oneprocessor such that the first networked device is configured to:receive, from the controller device, a command to ungroup the secondnetworked device from the first networked device; in response toreceiving the command to ungroup the second networked device from thefirst networked device, ungroup the second networked device from thefirst networked device; cause the second networked device to transmit,to the media source device, a command to disconnect from the secondnetworked device; and transmit, to the controller device, an indicationthat the first networked device and second networked device areungrouped.
 8. The first networked device of claim 1, wherein thecontroller device comprises the media source device.
 9. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium, wherein the non-transitory computer-readablemedium is provisioned with program instructions that, when executed byat least one processor, cause a first networked device to: receive, froma media source device, a first media stream using a first media playbackprotocol, wherein the first networked device and the media source deviceare configured to use the first media playback protocol; receive, from asecond networked device, a second media stream identifier thatcorresponds to a second media stream received by the second networkeddevice from the media source device using the first media playbackprotocol; determine a common stream characteristic between the firstmedia stream and the second media stream; after determining the commonstream characteristic between the first media stream and the secondmedia stream, group the second networked device with the first networkeddevice using a second media playback protocol, wherein the firstnetworked device and the second networked device are configured to usethe first media playback protocol and the second media playbackprotocol, and wherein the first media playback protocol and the secondmedia playback protocol are incompatible; and transmit, to a controllerdevice, an indication that the first networked device and the secondnetworked device are grouped.
 10. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 9, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable mediumis also provisioned with program instructions that, when executed by atleast one processor, cause the first networked device to: receive anindication that the first networked device is a group coordinator of thegroup comprising the first networked device and the second networkeddevice.
 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10,wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium is also provisionedwith program instructions that, when executed by at least one processor,cause the first networked device to: based on receiving the indicationthat the first networked device is the group coordinator, transmit, tothe media source device, a command to disconnect from the secondnetworked device.
 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 10, wherein the program instructions that, when executed by atleast one processor, cause the first networked device to receive theindication that the first networked device is the group coordinatorcomprise program instructions that, when executed by at least oneprocessor, cause the first networked device to: receive the indicationthat the first networked device is the group coordinator based on acomparison between a first device identifier of the first networkeddevice and a second device identifier of the second networked device.13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein thenon-transitory computer-readable medium is also provisioned with programinstructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause thefirst networked device to: receive, from the media source device, afirst media stream identifier that corresponds to the first mediastream, wherein the program instructions that, when executed by at leastone processor, cause the first networked device to determine the commonstream characteristic between the first media stream and the secondmedia stream comprise program instructions that, when executed by atleast one processor, cause the first networked device to determine thatthe first media stream identifier and the second media stream identifierare identical.
 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim9, wherein the program instructions that, when executed by at least oneprocessor, cause the first networked device to determine the commonstream characteristic between the first media stream and the secondmedia stream comprise program instructions that, when executed by atleast one processor, cause the first networked device to: determine thatthe first media stream and second media stream originate from the mediasource device.
 15. A method, the method comprising: receiving, from amedia source device, a first media stream using a first media playbackprotocol, wherein the first networked device and the media source deviceare configured to use the first media playback protocol; receiving, froma second networked device, a second media stream identifier thatcorresponds to a second media stream received by the second networkeddevice from the media source device using the first media playbackprotocol; determining a common stream characteristic between the firstmedia stream and the second media stream; after determining the commonstream characteristic between the first media stream and the secondmedia stream, grouping the second networked device with the firstnetworked device using a second media playback protocol, wherein thefirst networked device and the second networked device are configured touse the first media playback protocol and the second media playbackprotocol, and wherein the first media playback protocol and the secondmedia playback protocol are incompatible; and transmitting, to acontroller device, an indication that the first networked device and thesecond networked device are grouped.
 16. The method of claim 15, furthercomprising: receiving an indication that the first networked device is agroup coordinator of the group comprising the first networked device andthe second networked device.
 17. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising: based on receiving the indication that the first networkeddevice is the group coordinator, transmitting, to the media sourcedevice, a command to disconnect from the second networked device. 18.The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the indication that the firstnetworked device is the group coordinator comprises: receiving theindication that the first networked device is the group coordinatorbased on a comparison between a first device identifier of the firstnetworked device and a second device identifier of the second networkeddevice.
 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: receiving, fromthe media source device, a first media stream identifier thatcorresponds to the first media stream, wherein determining the commonstream characteristic between the first media stream and the secondmedia stream comprises determining that the first media streamidentifier and the second media stream identifier are identical.
 20. Themethod of claim 15, wherein determining the common stream characteristicbetween the first media stream and the second media stream comprises:determining that the first media stream and second media streamoriginate from the media source device.